Join us in helping more homeless pets in shelters find loving homes
Now in its third year, Mars Global Adoption Weekend supports pet adoption worldwide through activities including pet food donations to shelters, adoption and fundraising events, pet awareness campaigns, and volunteer opportunities. This year, Mars Global Adoption Weekend is expanding its reach to more than 30 countries, raising awareness of adoption as a path to pet ownership, and giving adopters the confidence to succeed.
Around the world, so many pets are waiting for their chance to be loved. The State of Pet Homelessness Project(Opens a new window) revealed the true scale of pet homelessness worldwide, with 1 in 3 pets estimated homeless across the globe – that’s roughly 362 million pets.
That’s why Mars is #ClearingThePath to pet adoption. By addressing these common hurdles head-on, we are here to help you feel equipped and confident to welcome a new best friend into your home. Ready to take the first step? Find a local shelter near you and explore the resources on this page to prepare for the journey ahead. Expert guidance has been informed by veterinarians, pet nutritionists, pet behaviourists and scientists from across Mars Petcare, including the Waltham Petcare Science Institute.
Clearing the Path to a Confident Adoption
It is completely normal to have questions before bringing a new pet home – in fact, wanting to be prepared is the sign of a great and responsible pet owner. From understanding their medical background to making sure their personality is the right fit for your family, we’ve gathered expert guidance to help you tackle those common "what-ifs."
Medical History
It’s normal to have questions about a shelter pet’s medical history. This guidance will help you understand the care pets might receive in a shelter, what information may be available and how to prepare to welcome your new companion with confidence.
Behavioral Background
Every shelter pet has a unique personality, and understanding their behavior can help you find the right match. Learn how shelters can assess pet’s individual needs, to help you make confident, considered adoption decisions.
Household Compatibility
Finding the right fit for your household is a key part of responsible pet ownership. Consider your home, lifestyle and daily routine to find a pet whose needs align with yours.
Medical history
It’s natural to wonder about the health and medical history of a shelter pet – in fact, 33%1 of people said uncertainty around a pet’s medical background was their biggest concern when considering adoption. It’s important to remember that every shelter pet has a unique and different background and arrives at a shelter for different reasons. Sometimes, they have a full or partial medical record, and even without, shelters and rescue organizations can work to assess, care for and prepare pets while in their shelter, so they’re ready to begin their adoption journey.
This section provides expert guidance to help you understand the care that goes into preparing a pet for adoption, so you can move forward with confidence and excitement.
Most shelters work to give pets the best start before adoption and will often carry out health assessments or basic checks. They may also provide care such as core vaccinations, neutering, microchipping and treatments for parasites. Be sure to ask the shelter what medical care and health checks they provide as standard before you adopt a pet.
You can also ask to look at any available medical records, including vaccination history, treatments, medications, previous illnesses or known health concerns. This information can help you better understand a pet's current health and any future care they may need. Keep in mind that all pets can develop health issues during their life, so while it is important to understand any ongoing conditions identified prior to adoption, you should also be prepared to address new health needs as they arise in the future.
Remember, medical health is just one part of a pet’s overall health and wellbeing according to the SHINE™ framework, developed by the Waltham Petcare Institute, which clearly outlines what pet dogs and cats need to live a happy and fulfilled life. Made up of socialization, health, individuality, nutrition and environment, all these factors contribute to a pet’s overall health and wellbeing.
And finally, ask questions! Shelters can support you and understand what is known about a pet's health so you can make an informed decision, find a good match for your home, and plan appropriately to support your pet’s overall health.
To learn more about dogs’ and cats’ overall wellbeing, and the SHINE™ framework, click here.(Opens a new window)
While adopted pets can often have a part or full medical history, sometimes their medical history isn’t known.
Many shelter and rescue organizations can conduct health assessments and prepare pets for adoption through neutering, vaccinations and preventative care – make sure to confirm with the shelter what they provide. Additionally, ask the shelter what is known about the pet's health, what health checks have been completed, whether they have any ongoing medical needs, and what signs they recommend monitoring for once the pet is home. Shelter teams can help you understand any uncertainties and what support may be needed.
For many pets, time in a shelter can also provide an important health and safety reset, with some shelters providing vaccinations, veterinary care and ongoing monitoring. Many adopted pets with limited background information go on to live long, healthy lives with their new families.
After you adopt a pet, it's important to establish care with a veterinarian as soon as possible. An initial veterinary examination can help build a clearer picture of your pet's overall health, identify any previously unknown concerns, and create a plan for preventative care and future wellbeing.
Remember, an unknown medical history does not automatically mean a pet will experience health problems. Many adopted pets with limited background information go on to live long, healthy lives. However, if your pet develops symptoms or appears unwell, contact your veterinarian promptly rather than waiting for a routine appointment.
Whether a shelter pet is vaccinated, microchipped or neutered before adoption varies by the shelter, the pet’s age, health and local requirements. Ask the shelter which procedures have already been completed and request the pet’s medical records, including vaccination and surgical information. If a procedure has not been completed, the shelter or your veterinarian can explain the appropriate timing and next steps.
A veterinarian can also review the pet’s preventive care needs after adoption, and any ongoing medical needs.
When you’ve found your match, ask the shelter what veterinary care the pet has received, whether there are any known health concerns that may need ongoing treatment, and what medical records are available. This information can help you make an informed decision before you adopt a pet and prepare for their ongoing care.
Some questions you could ask the shelter might include:
Medical & health history
- Which vaccinations has the pet received, and when were they given?
- Has the pet been neutered?
- Has the pet received treatment for parasites, such as fleas, ticks or worms?
- Are there any known health conditions, injuries, allergies or ongoing medications/medical needs?
- Has the pet had any recent veterinary examinations, tests or treatments?
- Is the pet currently receiving any medication or special care?
- Can you provide copies of any available medical records?
- What is known about the pet's previous history and age?
- Are there any known concerns I should discuss with my veterinarian after adoption?
Nutrition & feeding
- What food is the pet currently eating (brand, recipe, wet, dry or both)?
- How much food does the pet eat, and how often are they fed?
- Does the pet receive treats, supplements or food for training?
- Does the pet have any known food allergies, sensitivities or special dietary needs?
Top tip: keeping your pet on their current food and feeding routine for the first few weeks can help reduce stress and support a smoother transition into their new home. This is especially important during a period of change and adjustment.
Taking a proactive approach to your adopted pet's health starts before they come home and continues throughout their life.
Arrange veterinary appointments
Book a veterinary appointment before bringing your pet home, or schedule one as soon as possible after arrival. This initial check-up is essential, especially when medical history is limited or unknown. It helps establish a health baseline, identify potential concerns, and ensure your pet receives recommended preventative care. If your pet appears ill or has concerning symptoms, seek veterinary care promptly rather than waiting, this may be via a specialized out of hours provider.
Monitor your pet's health
Establish a routine and pay close attention to any changes in normal behavior after you adopt a pet. Track key indicators including appetite, water intake, energy levels, weight and bathroom habits. Note any changes to behavior, mobility, skin, coat, eyes or ears. It's also a good idea to share any medical records from the shelter with your veterinarian and discuss options such as wellness plans or research pet insurance with your veterinarian to help manage future health needs.
Watch for warning signs
Contact your veterinarian if your pet develops symptoms such as changes in appetite, varying energy levels, unusual breathing, mobility issues, vomiting or diarrhea. For serious illness or emergencies, seek urgent veterinary care immediately. Discuss wellness plans or pet insurance options with your veterinarian to help manage future health needs.
It’s also important to familiarize yourself with breed specific ailments relating to your adopted pet so you know specific things to look out for.
AI tools to support you at home
Mars has developed a suite of innovative AI tools you can use at home. With easy-to-use digital resources like Pawscan(Opens a new window), Toothscan(Opens a new window) and Poopscan(Opens a new window), you can upload photos of your pet's paw, teeth or poop to find more information about skin irritation, potential dental issues and digestive health. The tools are not medical devices and do not replace veterinary care, but are intended to help support conversations with your veterinarian about potential health issues.
Disclaimer: The suite of tools have not been designed or intended to diagnose, prevent or treat any disease or health condition in your dog. The tools are not medical devices, and do not replace veterinary care, and are solely intended to help support conversations with your veterinarian about potential health issues.
Behavioral background
Shelter pets are all individual, and that is a wonderful thing. Before you even walk through the doors, most shelters will spend time getting to know each animal's unique personality and quirks. This section is designed to support you navigate understanding a pet's individual needs and make a considered adoption decision.
Not at all – it’s also important to remember that, with the right care and training, many aspects of a pets’ behavior can be modified and some shelters have experts and behaviorists as part of their teams to provide that support both within and beyond life in a shelter.
Always check what support the shelter has provided and will provide throughout the adoption journey. Like all pets, adopted pets’ behavior can be influenced by their individual personality, age, temperament, past experiences and history, environment and overall health.
You should also consider how the majority of pets need time to adjust to a new home. During the first few days or weeks, you may notice behaviors such as hiding, being unusually quiet, changes in appetite or increased excitement as they settle into a new routine. These are often a normal part of the adjustment process.
Understanding a pet’s individual care needs is a critical part of the journey – ask the shelter about the pet’s history, background, temperament, personality and any known behavior related challenges, which can support you in making a confident adoption decision.
Shelter teams will most likely know their animals best and can help you understand whether a particular pet is a good fit for your home, lifestyle and experience level. These questions can help you make a confident adoption decision.
How would you describe this pet's personality and energy level?
This can help you understand whether the pet's temperament matches your lifestyle and expectations.
What do you know about this pet's history?
Ask what is known about their previous home, background and experiences. Ask if the pet is house trained or litter box trained and whether they know how to walk on a leash.
How does this pet interact with children, other pets, and unfamiliar people?
This can help you assess whether they're likely to fit into your household.
Are there any known medical or behavioral concerns I should be aware of?
Ask about health conditions, medications, fears, anxieties, training needs or behaviors that may require additional support.
What type of home would this pet do best in?
Shelter staff can often provide guidance on the environment, routine and level of activity where the pet is most likely to thrive.
Every shelter has its own approach to assessing a pet's behavior, and some use observations by trained staff to understand a pet's personality, temperament and needs. This may include observing how the pet interacts with people, other animals, as well as how they handle new environments and everyday situations.
These assessments help shelter teams understand a pet's energy levels, preferences and any behaviors adopters should be aware of. The goal is to help match each pet with a home and lifestyle where they are most likely to thrive.
Keep in mind that a shelter environment can also be stressful for certain pets, and some may behave differently once they settle into a home. Ensure you ask the shelter how they assess behavior, what they know about the pet's personality, and what support they provide after adoption.
Building a connection takes time, and all shelters have their own ways of introducing prospective matches. Picking your new companion is a decision that requires thought, so do your research and ask the shelter questions in advance where possible. Some shelters may encourage scheduling a few visits with a pet before finalizing your adoption, perhaps taking them for a walk or spending time in a quiet play area. A patient approach gives you a clearer window into their intricacies, helping you make a responsible, pressure-free choice.
Before your first shelter visit, think about what you can realistically provide a pet in terms of time, space, exercise, training and ongoing veterinary care. Consider your household, daily routine, existing pets and the type of pet whose age, energy level, personality and needs would be a good fit for your lifestyle.
It's also helpful to prepare questions about a pet's health, history, temperament, training and interactions with people and other animals. Shelter staff can sometimes support in providing valuable insights into a pet's behavior and needs. If appropriate, involve other household members in the adoption process and ask whether introductions to existing pets are possible. Taking time to observe the pet, ask questions and understand their needs can help you make a confident and informed adoption decision.
Before you go
- Consider your lifestyle, schedule, living space and existing pets
- Think about the type of pet that would be the best fit for your home
- Prepare questions about the pet's health, behavior, personality and training
- Involve household members who will help care for the pet
- Ask about the shelter's adoption process, fees and post-adoption support
- Remember that a pet's behavior in a shelter may differ from their behavior once they feel settled at home
All pets have individual care needs, but some can have more than others. Adopting responsibly means looking honestly at your own schedule, lifestyle and home environment to ensure you have the time and patience to support them. If you fall in love with a pet who needs specific help, remember that you are not alone.
Ask the shelter what resources and ongoing support they can provide, both during the adoption process and when you take the pet home. They might be able to provide you with tailored training plans, resources and recommend local professional behaviorists who can help you, especially in those first few weeks. The most important thing is to communicate with the shelter team and be honest about your lifestyle and situation, so they can guide you through any concerns.
Household compatibility
A quarter of prospective adopters (25%)2 are concerned about household compatibility, according to our research. Evaluating your physical environment and daily routine is a vital step in responsible pet ownership. This section is designed to help you look honestly at your lifestyle so you can find a pet that complements your home.
Living in an apartment, or a home without a fenced yard or garden, does not automatically prevent you from adopting a dog.
A dog's suitability for apartment living depends less on the size of your home and more on whether their exercise, enrichment, training and social needs can be met. Some larger dogs are happy with a relaxed lifestyle, while some smaller dogs may require significant physical and mental stimulation. A dog’s size alone does not determine whether apartment living will work.
Every dog is different, and some shelters may have specific requirements for certain pets based on their history, behavior or care needs. Talk to the shelter team about your living situation, daily routine and experience with pets. They can help match you with a dog whose personality, energy level and needs are a good fit for your home and lifestyle.
Many renters successfully adopt pets, but it's important to understand any pet-related rules before bringing a new pet home. Before starting the adoption process, check your lease agreement and local rental regulations, or speak directly with your landlord or property manager. Confirm whether there are any restrictions relating to pet size, breed, number of pets or additional deposits or fees. Please keep in mind that some shelters and rescues may ask for proof of landlord permission or a pet-friendly lease policy before approving an adoption.
Having any required permissions in place can make the adoption process smoother and help ensure you’re brining your pet into a secure, permanent environment.
Remember: Renting doesn't automatically prevent you from adopting. The most important thing is making sure your home can safely and legally accommodate your new pet.
Shelters want every adoption to succeed, and that doesn’t stop if you want to grow your family! Always mention if you have any existing pets at the very beginning of the pet adoption process.
Ask about the pet's past interactions with dogs, cats or other animals too. Shelter staff can help you understand whether the pet's energy level, personality and social needs are likely to be met with other animals present.
If permitted, arrange a calm, supervised meet-and-greet with any existing pets and follow the shelter's guidance throughout the introduction process. Remember that one meeting cannot guarantee compatibility, and it may take time for pets to adjust to one another once they are living together.
When visiting a shelter, be honest about your household, including the ages of any children and how often they will interact with the pet. Shelter staff can help identify pets whose personality, energy level and needs may be a good fit for family life. Ask about the pet's history, temperament, comfort with handling and any observed interactions with children. It's also helpful to understand how the pet responds to noise, activity and unfamiliar situations, as these are common parts of life with young children.
Remember that every pet is an individual, and no shelter can guarantee how a pet will behave in a new home. Successful matches depend on choosing a pet whose needs fit your family's lifestyle, providing close supervision and helping both children and pets learn how to interact safely and respectfully.
Preparing your home before adoption can help make your pet's transition safer, smoother and less stressful. Having the essentials ready before your pet arrives allows you to focus on helping them settle into their new environment.
To help you prepare, you can structure your pre-adoption checklist into four key areas (not an exhaustive list):
Pet-proof your home
- Secure loose electrical cords and small objects that could be swallowed.
- Store medications, cleaning products and other hazardous items safely out of reach.
- Check that doors, windows, fences and gates are secure.
- Remove any plants or foods that may be toxic to pets.
Create a safe space
- Set up a quiet area where your pet can rest and adjust to their new surroundings.
- Include a comfortable bed, fresh water, food bowls and appropriate toys or enrichment activities.
- Allow your pet to retreat to this space whenever they need a break.
Gather the essentials
- Collar, harness and leash
- Carrier or crate for safe transport
- Food and water bowls
- Bedding
- Toys and treats
- Grooming supplies
- Identification tags
Ask the shelter what food your pet is currently eating and try to keep their diet consistent at first, as sudden food changes can sometimes cause digestive upset.
Agree on household rules
- Decide where your pet will sleep, eat and spend most of their time.
- Make sure everyone in the household is using the same rules, routines and training cues.
- Discuss responsibilities for feeding, exercise, grooming and veterinary care.
Remember that moving to a new home is a big change. A calm environment, consistent routine and a little patience can go a long way in helping your new pet feel safe and secure.
You’ve adopted a pet! What comes next?
Congratulations on welcoming your new family member home! Preparing for a lifetime together is a great adventure, but it also brings unique changes over time. To help you along the way, we have collated answers to some of the most common, everyday challenges pet parents face – from routine adjustments and nutritional decisions to behavioral "what-ifs". Explore our expert-backed tips to navigate this rewarding journey with complete confidence at every stage.
Logistical hurdles
Life is full of changes, and navigating them with a pet can bring new questions or adjustments. This this section offers practical advice to help you handle common logistical hurdles, ensuring you and your pet can adapt smoothly and confidently.
Nutritional decisions
Choosing the right food is one of the most important decisions you’ll make for your new family member. With so many options available, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. This guidance is here to help you understand your pet’s nutritional needs, so you can build a healthy, happy foundation for a long life together.
Behavioral "what ifs"
As your new pet settles in, their unique personality will begin to shine, and so will some new behaviors. From the first few days, weeks and month at home to managing separation anxiety, this section tackles those common "what if" moments with compassionate, expert-backed advice, helping you build a positive and trusting bond.
Logistical tips & tricks
From bringing your adopted pet home, to building a routine within your day-to-day life, here’s our practical advice for navigating your new life with your pet.
The exact requirements vary by country and location, but there are a few important administrative tasks to complete soon after adoption to help keep your pet safe and ensure you’re meeting any local requirements.
After adoption, consider the following:
- Update or register your pet’s microchip details. If your pet is already microchipped, make sure the registration information includes your current address and phone number. If they are not microchipped, ask your veterinarian about the process.
- Keep copies of your adoption and medical records. These can be helpful when registering with a veterinarian, arranging insurance or transferring ownership records.
- If you haven’t already, establish care with a local veterinary clinic. Scheduling an initial check-up for as soon as possible after adoption can help build a relationship with your vet and ensure your pet’s records are up to date.
- Check local registration or licensing requirements. Some countries, states, regions or municipalities require pets to be licensed or registered.
- Consider pet insurance. Exploring coverage options early may help protect against unexpected veterinary expenses.
- Purchase an ID tag. A collar tag with your contact details provides an additional layer of identification if your pet becomes lost.
Remember that requirements can vary depending on where you live and the shelter’s adoption process, so ask the shelter team if there are any additional forms, registrations, or transfers that need to be completed.
It’s recommended to schedule a visit with your new veterinarian shortly after the pet arrives home. Bring any available medical records, vaccination and anti parasitic history and current diet information.
Preparing your pet for a veterinary visit can help make the experience safer and less stressful. Helpful preparation may include taking short practice car rides, leaving carriers or crates open at home with treats to create a positive association, or getting your pet used to wearing a leash or harness.
Your veterinarian and local shelter are always the best starting points for trusted, professional recommendations. Whenever you hire a new walker or sitter, always schedule a "meet and greet" first to ensure they are a great match for your pet's unique personality.
Nutritional decisions
With so many feeding options available and the right nutrition critical to a pet’s overall health and wellbeing, we’ve packaged some guidance to help you while you consider the right nutrition to support your pet at every stage of life.
Moving to a new home can be a big adjustment for a pet, so initially, keeping them on the same food and feeding routine they had at the shelter can help reduce stress and support digestive health during the transition. Speak to the shelter about this beforehand to ease any concerns.
If you'd like to change your pet's food, do so gradually over about seven to ten days by slowly mixing the new food with their current food. Monitor their appetite, stool quality, energy levels, skin and coat condition, and body weight during the transition. Puppies, kittens, senior pets, pets with sensitive stomachs or pets with medical conditions may require a more tailored nutrition plan. If you're unsure which food is best for your pet, speak with your veterinarian for advice.
You’re not alone – 71%3 of adopters change their pet’s diet after adoption. If you decide to change foods, it is recommended that the diet is gradually changed over a period of seven to ten days, although some pets may need longer.
This should be achieved by adding a small proportion of the new diet to the pet’s regular diet on the first day. The proportion of the new diet should be gradually increased each day, so that it makes up over half of the pet’s food on day five and the whole meal by day ten:
Days 1–2: 20% new food and 80% current food.
Days 3–4: 40% new food and 60% current food.
Days 5–6: 60% new food and 40% current food.
Day 7-9: 80% new food and 20% current food.
Day 10: 100% new food
Monitor your pet’s stool quality, appetite, energy level, skin and coat, and body weight during the transition. If your pet has a sensitive stomach, take longer; consult a veterinarian if you notice concerning changes or need help choosing an appropriate diet. Puppies, kittens, senior pets and pets with medical conditions may need a slower or customized transition.
Yes, your pet's nutritional needs change throughout their life, and feeding age-appropriate food is essential for their health and development.
Puppies and Adult Dogs
Puppies: Puppies have different nutritional needs compared to adult dogs and should be fed a complete and balanced age-appropriate diet until they reach their expected full grown adult size.
This is because puppies need the right balance of specific nutrients to support their fast growth, needing a balance of fats, proteins, minerals, amino acids and vitamins. Calcium and phosphorus are also essential nutrients for puppies to form healthy bones and teeth.
Factors such as dog breed, age and if the animal is neutered should also be considered when choosing their food.
Adult Dogs: The time it takes for a puppy to reach adulthood depends on their expected adult size. Toy and small dogs will reach adulthood by around 12 months of age, whereas large and giant breeds mature more slowly and are not considered fully grown until 18 to 24 months of age. Since larger breeds generally reach maturity later than smaller breeds, they require the appropriate nutrition to support their growth for longer. Switching to an adult diet too early can alter a puppy’s development and have negative long-term effects that carry on into adulthood.
It’s recommended to monitor your puppy’s healthy growth(Opens a new window) to determine if your puppy is on track, while monitoring hair coat condition and temperament, and help identify potential nutritional or health problems earlier. If you're unsure and need support, speak to your veterinarian.
To learn more about dog nutrition, click here(Opens a new window).
Kittens, Adult and Senior Cats
Kittens: Kittens have different nutritional needs than adult cats and should eat age-appropriate food, specifically formulated to support healthy growth and development. A kitten’s food should contain certain ingredients that are crucial for their development.
Kittens require a high calorie diet to support their rapid growth and active play. Vitamin E helps your kitten build up a sturdy immune system. Kittens also need to eat smaller meals more often throughout the day, while an adult cat may only eat once in the morning and once at night.
Adult Cats: Most cats can transition to adult food at around 12 months of age, although larger breeds may not be ready until 18 to 24 months. It’s recommended to make the switch gradually over 7 to 10 days, but if your cat has a sensitive stomach, extend the process from seven to ten days by making the shifts more gradual. It may also help to monitor your cat’s litterbox habits, appetite, energy, weight, and body condition during the transition. If you're unsure and need support, speak to your veterinarian.
Senior Cats: Around seven years of age, your cat should be ready to make the switch to a recipe for senior cats. As cats age, their caloric requirements naturally decrease due to metabolic changes and a tendency toward reduced physical activity; feeding them a diet designed for mature cats accounts for this lower daily energy expenditure. At this life stage, look for food that includes vitamins, balanced minerals and fatty acids to support your cat’s aging immune system, kidneys and brain.
To learn more about cat nutrition, click here(Opens a new window).
For resources to support monitoring your kitten’s growth, click here(Opens a new window).
Choosing the right food
The best food is one that is complete, balanced and tailored specifically to your pet's species, life stage, activity level, body condition and any health concerns. A veterinarian can help tailor choices when health concerns are involved.
Look for high-quality food that explicitly states it meets local nutritional standards for your pet's life stage. Many pet owners choose a combination of wet and dry foods. The most appropriate feeding approach will depend on your pet's life stage, health and individual needs. Some pet owners also use complementary formats such as toppers, treats, broths and mixers to add variety, flavor or moisture. These products should complement – not replace – a complete and balanced main diet, and treats should generally remain below 10% of daily calories.
Things to look out for when reading a pet food label:
- The "complete and balanced" promise – Check the back for a statement from your local pet nutrition regulatory equivalent. This is the gold standard guarantee that the recipe contains every essential nutrient your pet needs for daily health.
- Life stage and size – Check the front label to ensure it matches your pet. A growing puppy or kitten requires vastly different fuel than a senior pet, and a Great Dane needs a different kibble size and mineral balance than a Chihuahua.
- Ingredient breakdown – The optimal balance of nutrients in labeled ‘complete and balanced’ nutrition is achieved through careful combination of various ingredients. The ingredient breakdown will give you valuable information about the nutritional profile of the diet. Products labeled as ‘complete and balanced’ are formulated to provide all the essential nutrients required for a pet’s specific life stage, to which the product is intended for (eg. Kitten/adult cat/senior cat).
- Feeding guidelines – Don't guess the scoop. Ideally, weigh or measure each meal and use the feeding guide on the product packaging as a starting point. These guidelines are designed to help you feed the right amount based on your pet's size and life stage, helping to maintain a healthy weight. Because every pet is different, you may need to adjust portions based on their body condition, activity level, and advice from your veterinarian.
Determining portion size
How much to feed an adopted pet depends on whether your pet is a cat or dog, age, life stage, size, activity level, body condition and health needs. A good starting point is the feeding guide on the food package, with the daily amount measured or weighed and divided into meals or offered without refilling the bowl. Puppies and kittens need growth-appropriate food and meal schedules, while treats should generally stay below 10% of daily calories.
A veterinarian can help adjust portions based on your pet’s weight and body condition.
See our feeding guidance for young adult dogs(Opens a new window), growing puppies(Opens a new window), growing kittens(Opens a new window) and mature and senior cats(Opens a new window).
Avoiding unsafe human foods
Many foods that are perfectly safe for humans are highly dangerous for pets. Always check first. Never feed your dog or cat chocolate, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, caffeine, alcohol or anything sweetened with xylitol (a common sugar substitute). If you suspect your pet has accidentally consumed something toxic, contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control hotline immediately. Additionally, some common household plants (indoor and outdoor) can be harmful to pets – especially young inquisitive puppies or kittens.
The right choice does not depend strictly on format and instead depends on whether your pet is a cat or dog, their life stage, activity level, body condition, if they have health concerns and hydration needs. A suitable diet should provide complete and balanced nutrition for that life stage, and portions should be monitored to help maintain a healthy weight. Kibble can be a convenient option because a complete and balanced formula can provide the nutrients your pet needs, and its dry texture is easy to measure and store.
It’s important to note that fresh food is typically cooked and may require refrigeration. Raw food is uncooked and may contain harmful bacteria. Some public health agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. do not recommend feeding raw pet food or treats to dogs and cats because they may contain pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria. Freezing, dehydrating or freeze-drying raw ingredients may reduce but does not eliminate these pathogens. Kibble, however, is fully cooked before being dried, while canned food is sealed and sterilized through high-heat processing, to ensure safe, shelf-stable formats.
To understand more about the benefits of kibble, click here(Opens a new window).
Behavioral “what ifs”
Every pet parent faces behavioral questions along the way. Explore our expert advice to help you navigate everyday behavioral moments with patience, love and positive training.
Patience is key! Your new companion has just been through a massive life change and takes time to readjust. The first days and weeks are about building trust. The 3-3-3 rule is a guideline for helping newly adopted dogs acclimate to their new homes. It provides recommendations for the dog’s first three days, three weeks and three months after adoption:
The first 3 days (decompressing): The first three days in a new home can be overwhelming for your pet, and every pet will react differently. Some may show signs of fear and withdrawal, while others might investigate. They might hide under furniture, sleep a lot or temporarily lose their appetite. Focus on giving them a quiet, predictable space, letting them set the pace.
The first 3 weeks (learning the routine): Your pet is likely to gradually settle in and grow more comfortable. Most pets will still feel some uncertainty about their new environment and daily routine, but you may notice them starting to let their guard down and reveal glimpses of their true personality. They might begin testing boundaries, and showing more of their true personality. If your pet seems ready, now is the perfect time to establish clear, gentle routines, begin socializing and start basic training.
The first 3 months (feeling at home): Most pets will feel quite comfortable in their new home. They’ll have built trust and a bond with you and will know their routine well. This phase is all about nurturing your pet’s development, gradually expanding their horizons and deepening your connection.
Every pet is a unique individual. Some might need a little extra time and quiet space to blossom. Let them set the pace, keep a predictable routine and celebrate the tiny victories. Reach out for extra support from the shelter, your veterinarian or a recommended professional behaviorist if you don’t think your pet is settling in.
Building the Bond
Bonding with your newly adopted dog takes time, consistency and patience. Let your pet approach you at their own pace, spend quiet time together, and pay attention to their body language and individual preferences. Gentle play, positive reinforcement training and a predictable daily routine will help your pet feel safe and strengthen your relationship.
Remember that every pet is unique and adjusts differently. Some might need extra time and quiet space to blossom. Celebrate small victories, and reach out to your shelter, veterinarian or a recommended professional behaviorist if you have concerns about settling in.
When first introduced to a new home, cats need to feel safe and secure. During the first few days:
Create a safe environment
- Keep windows fastened and doors closed.
- Restrict their environment to one room and gradually extend the space they have access to. This can help them cope with the unfamiliarity of a new situation.
- Once they appear to be comfortable in their new surroundings, you can gradually introduce them to the rest of their environment.
- A comfortable, dry and draft-free space to rest, in a location where they can avoid things that frighten them, as well as a place to hide, will help them to feel safe and comfortable. Cats often seek hiding places when stressed as a way of avoiding or managing the extent of contact with other animals or people.
- A cardboard box (on its side) or an open cat carrier provide ideal places to retreat, offering concealment and seclusion, while still allowing them to survey the external environment
Build the bond
Bonding with your newly adopted cat takes time, consistency and patience. Let your cat approach you at their own pace, spend quiet time together and pay attention to their body language and individual preferences. A predictable daily routine, gentle play and positive reinforcement will help your cat feel safe and strengthen your relationship.
Remember that every cat adjusts differently. Some may settle in quickly, while others need more time to feel comfortable. If you have questions about helping your cat settle in or build trust, reach out to your shelter, veterinarian or a qualified behavior professional for guidance.
Many pets need time to adjust to being alone in a new home. Start by gradually introducing short periods of separation and pairing alone time with positive experiences, such as treats, toys or enrichment activities. Keeping departures and arrivals calm and predictable can also help build confidence and reduce stress.
If your pet shows signs of significant separation anxiety, such as destructive behavior, excessive vocalization or distress when left alone, speak with your veterinarian or a qualified behavior professional for support and guidance.
Accidents can be a normal part of the adjustment period after adoption, even for pets that were previously house-trained. A new environment, unfamiliar routines, excitement, stress or anxiety can temporarily disrupt established habits. With patience, consistency and positive reinforcement, most pets settle into their new routine over time.
However, frequent, ongoing or sudden accidents can sometimes be a sign of an underlying medical issue. If you're concerned or the problem persists, consult your veterinarian to discuss.
Establishing a consistent routine, setting clear household rules and using positive reinforcement can help your pet settle in and learn what is expected of them. Keep training sessions short, fun and rewarding, and focus on building trust as your pet adjusts to their new home.
Close supervision can help prevent unwanted habits from developing. When you can't supervise, provide a safe, pet-proofed space where your pet can relax and feel secure. Remember that every pet learns at their own pace, so patience and consistency are key.
If you need a starting point, help creating a plan for your pet, or support in marking progress, reach out to your shelter, a qualified behaviorist or your veterinarian for guidance tailored to your pet's needs.
Changes in behavior can happen for many reasons, including stress, changes in routine, underlying health issues or difficulty adjusting to a new environment.
Start with your veterinarian. Rule out any medical issues that could be contributing to the behavior.
Seek the right support. A trainer can help with specific behaviors, while a behaviorist or veterinary can provide more specialized guidance.
Use positive reinforcement. Reward desired behaviors with treats, praise or play.
Keep training simple. Work in short sessions and break behaviors into small, achievable steps.
Be patient and consistent. Behavior change takes time, especially as your pet adjusts to a new home.
Ask for help early. If a behavior concerns you or falls outside your pet's normal range, reach out to your shelter, a veterinarian, trainer or behavior professional.
Download our handy adoption resource pack to help ensure your journey is a successful one
Resources for the road ahead
Your adoption journey doesn't end when you leave the shelter, and neither does our support. To help you and your pet thrive for years to come, we have gathered a collection of our favorite resources to look through in more detail. Explore these trusted Mars initiatives and specialized tools to keep clearing the path to a happier, healthier life together.
State of Pet Homelessness Project
Discover the insights driving our global mission. Beyond the data, you’ll find practical resources from programs and organizations across the world to support your own adoption journey, alongside ways to advocate for pets still waiting for their forever homes.
Mars x Calm Pet-Inspired Wellbeing
Bringing a new pet home is a beautiful transition, but it can also be a busy time of adjustment. Explore our Mars x Calm collection to discover pet-inspired relaxation content, soothing soundscapes, and mindfulness tools designed to celebrate your bond and bring moments of comfort into your daily routine together.
Waltham Dog and Cat Care Guides
Whether you have just brought home a new puppy or an adult rescue cat, give them the best start with science-backed advice. Access dedicated dog care and cat care guides from the Waltham Petcare Science Institute (the global research center behind Mars Petcare) for trusted tips on nutrition, training, and everyday wellbeing.
Connecting prospective pet parents with a pet that's right for them
Want to bring home a new pet? Adopt a Pet is a free pet adoption site, partnering with 15,000 shelters and rescues across the U.S. and Canada, helping you find the right pet faster with tools like search filters, New Pet Alerts and adoption advice – so you're supported from the first search to the first day with your new best friend.
Promoting a happy and fulfilled life for all pets
Developed by the Waltham Petcare Science Institute, the SHINETM framework outlines what a pet dog and cat needs to live a happy and fulfilled life. To help your pet achieve thier happiest, healthiest life and to celebrate the intimate and unique relationship we share, access more information and resources about the framework here.
